1　前(qian)言(yan) 低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)-40℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，隨(sui)著空分(fen)(fen)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)天然(ran)氣(qi)、乙烯(xi)石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)需求逐年(nian)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)也越來(lai)(lai)(lai)越廣(guang)泛。低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)產(chan)(chan)品中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)支，而(er)(er)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵設(she)(she)備，完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、符合(he)(he)(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)生產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證，同(tong)時，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)生產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)象征。 2　低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)及其(qi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi) 2.1　低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men) 低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)按其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分(fen)(fen)類，-100-40℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，-100℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)超(chao)(chao)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)取決于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，表(biao)1列出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)常(chang)(chang)見介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)液(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，從其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)(lai)看，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)-100℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況環(huan)境，目(mu)前(qian)應(ying)該(gai)受到(dao)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。 低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品種有(you)(you)：閘閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、截止閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、止回(hui)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、球閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)蝶閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一般都采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang)頸閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓋(gai)(gai)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證填(tian)料(liao)(liao)函底(di)部(bu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)0℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，防(fang)止填(tian)料(liao)(liao)凍結(jie)(jie)。結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)設(she)(she)計(ji)時應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)(lv)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)異常(chang)(chang)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)現(xian)象，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)安(an)(an)全(quan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原則。低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)選擇(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)而(er)(er)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，一般來(lai)(lai)(lai)說，-100℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)碳(tan)鋼(gang)，-100℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)選擇(ze)奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)。密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)(he)緊(jin)固(gu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)也要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依(yi)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，選擇(ze)合(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。 2.2　閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi) 閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)零(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型(xing)式(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。 有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)-100℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)零(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)減少(shao)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差和(he)(he)(he)金(jin)相(xiang)(xiang)組(zu)織(zhi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)而(er)(er)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整機性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一項要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。 目(mu)前(qian)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)境主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)(li)循環(huan)或低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)吸收(shou)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)潛熱(re)(re)）方(fang)(fang)式(shi)獲得，但-100℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)環(huan)境通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)浸漬法獲得，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)（-196℃）、來(lai)(lai)(lai)源廣(guang)泛、無污(wu)染(ran)、價格(ge)便(bian)宜而(er)(er)得到(dao)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)(mei)(mei)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)比例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酒精(jing)來(lai)(lai)(lai)獲得不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。 3　深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)與低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan) 3.1　深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li) 深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)行(xing)業(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)-100℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)零(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)F304、F304L、F316和(he)(he)(he)F316L等(deng)(deng)(deng)Cr-Ni奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，這(zhe)(zhe)些材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)都屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)亞(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)會發(fa)生向(xiang)馬氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)相(xiang)(xiang)轉變(bian)(bian)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)心(xin)立方(fang)(fang)晶(jing)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)比面心(xin)立方(fang)(fang)晶(jing)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)具有(you)(you)更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比容(rong)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)會引(yin)起(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)膨脹(zhang)而(er)(er)導(dao)致零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。 此(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)降低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)還會造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)屬結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)(ge)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)收(shou)縮不(bu)(bu)均勻(yun)，就(jiu)產(chan)(chan)生了(le)(le)(le)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，當溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)超(chao)(chao)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屈服極限時，零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)將(jiang)產(chan)(chan)生不(bu)(bu)可(ke)逆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)永久變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使相(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)和(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)發(fa)生，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)組(zu)織(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。具體(ti)(ti)(ti)方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)浸放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)中(zhong)，當溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)到(dao)-196℃時開(kai)始(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1～2h，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)取出(chu)，自然(ran)恢復到(dao)常(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復循環(huan)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)研究資料(liao)(liao)表(biao)明(ming)，深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)還有(you)(you)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)，鋼(gang)鐵(tie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)所(suo)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)：（1）殘余奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)馬氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，從而(er)(er)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；（2）從馬氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)析出(chu)超(chao)(chao)細碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物，從而(er)(er)彌(mi)散強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)；（3）組(zu)織(zhi)細化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，從而(er)(er)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。并且認為(wei)(wei)(wei)：二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)效果(guo)最佳(jia)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)時材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)仍(reng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)生結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)再有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua) 。 3.2　低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan) 目(mu)前(qian)，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)執行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：JB/T7794、BS6364等(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前(qian)，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)去油(you)脂和(he)(he)(he)干(gan)燥(zao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)油(you)脂和(he)(he)(he)水分(fen)(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)會變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堅硬(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)內(nei)(nei)(nei)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)損傷。將(jiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)連接好以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)常(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)最大工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氦氣(qi)做初始(shi)檢測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，確保(bao)各(ge)(ge)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)連接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)內(nei)(nei)(nei)始(shi)終有(you)(you)氦氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶走降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕氣(qi)。整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)浸入(ru)液(ye)(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)或液(ye)(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)與酒精(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混合(he)(he)(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)面高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)應(ying)達(da)到(dao)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓋(gai)(gai)頸部(bu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。當各(ge)(ge)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)到(dao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求時，即(ji)可(ke)開(kai)始(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，檢測(ce)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，其(qi)間還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做若干(gan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，一定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)防(fang)護，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)風和(he)(he)(he)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)區域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警示(shi)、隔(ge)離。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視對(dui)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)結(jie)(jie)束后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)防(fang)護。 4　閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji) 所(suo)討論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)方(fang)(fang)案(an)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)代(dai)測(ce)控(kong)(kong)技術，考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)(lv)了(le)(le)(le)目(mu)前(qian)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)產(chan)(chan)品分(fen)(fen)布(bu)。方(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)出(chu)有(you)(you)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)基(ji)礎。 4.1　低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)系統 低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依(yi)據(ju)產(chan)(chan)品規(gui)(gui)格(ge)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)配(pei)置(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公稱(cheng)(cheng)通(tong)(tong)徑(jing)24in（600mm）、公稱(cheng)(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)600磅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閘閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1407mm，法蘭外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)1000mm，底(di)部(bu)至(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓋(gai)(gai)殼體(ti)(ti)(ti)約1600mm。閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)兩端安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)墊環(huan)、盲(mang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、螺栓螺母等(deng)(deng)(deng)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)約為(wei)(wei)(wei)1760mm，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)余量(liang)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)膽尺寸(cun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2000mm，寬1600mm，高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)墊塊、固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)板(ban)(ban)(ban)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)約1800mm、液(ye)(ye)(ye)面至(zhi)槽(cao)口(kou)安(an)(an)全(quan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)約200mm。低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)槽(cao)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸(cun)（長(chang)(chang)、寬、高(gao)(gao)、保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)層厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)2500mm、2100mm、2000mm、250mm。箱體(ti)(ti)(ti)承(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)達(da)2.5t/m2（設(she)(she)起(qi)(qi)吊(diao)環(huan)）。內(nei)(nei)(nei)腔側板(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm304板(ban)(ban)(ban)，底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)7mm304，底(di)座框架，外(wai)(wai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2mm304板(ban)(ban)(ban)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)腔充(chong)填(tian)A、B雙(shuang)組(zu)分(fen)(fen)聚合(he)(he)(he)(he)物高(gao)(gao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。箱體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)(he)箱蓋(gai)(gai)總重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.5～2.8t。表(biao)2為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)設(she)(she)計(ji)尺寸(cun)。 低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)應(ying)設(she)(she)計(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)敞口(kou)雙(shuang)層結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)配(pei)有(you)(you)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)膽要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壁厚以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)承(cheng)受可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)沖(chong)擊，底(di)部(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)置(zhi)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，防(fang)止試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉動。內(nei)(nei)(nei)、外(wai)(wai)壁間填(tian)充(chong)高(gao)(gao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)聚合(he)(he)(he)(he)物發(fa)泡材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)間“絕熱(re)(re)層”，內(nei)(nei)(nei)、外(wai)(wai)壁之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“熱(re)(re)傳(chuan)導(dao)”，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，其(qi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)筋要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)置(zhi)“傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)斷橋”，防(fang)止隨(sui)筋板(ban)(ban)(ban)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“熱(re)(re)傳(chuan)導(dao)”，隔(ge)熱(re)(re)筋板(ban)(ban)(ban)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)如(ru)圖2所(suo)示(shi)。 試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)半埋入(ru)地，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)。低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)儲罐與試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)間及各(ge)(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)槽(cao)間以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)真空管(guan)(guan)道(dao)相(xiang)(xiang)連，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)補液(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)殘液(ye)(ye)(ye)。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)設(she)(she)計(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)場(chang)情況，合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)安(an)(an)排切換(huan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)組(zu)并加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。 4.2　壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)路(lu)系統設(she)(she)置(zhi) 壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)路(lu)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)滿(man)足在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)路(lu)系統由蛇(she)形(xing)(xing)(xing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)（DN6～10）、針(zhen)型(xing)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)網、承(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)盲(mang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)及低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氦氣(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜（氣(qi)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)回(hui)到(dao)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)環(huan)境后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)會產(chan)(chan)生二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)液(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)）。出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)(lv)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)大通(tong)(tong)徑(jing)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)(lv)貴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)計(ji)正(zheng)、反向(xiang)切換(huan)回(hui)路(lu)，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)貴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)收(shou)，氦氣(qi)可(ke)回(hui)收(shou)增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)回(hui)路(lu)如(ru)圖4所(suo)示(shi)。出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)全(quan)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)(lv)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)組(zu)盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)引(yin)入(ru)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室，避(bi)免長(chang)(chang)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)場(chang)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。 4.3　測(ce)控(kong)(kong)系統 測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及數(shu)(shu)據(ju)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)系統由上(shang)(shang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電變(bian)(bian)送(song)器、軟(ruan)式(shi)鎧裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鉑(bo)(bo)電阻(zu)、高(gao)(gao)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)計(ji)、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)顯(xian)示(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)、積(ji)算儀(yi)(yi)(yi)、針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、酒精(jing)計(ji)泡器、氦質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)譜檢漏(lou)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及采(cai)(cai)集(ji)電路(lu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，如(ru)圖5所(suo)示(shi)。測(ce)量(liang)參(can)數(shu)(shu)包括：冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)(mei)(mei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓋(gai)(gai)、閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)桿、填(tian)料(liao)(liao)、密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，泄漏(lou)量(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。所(suo)選測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)適(shi)應(ying)-196℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境。參(can)數(shu)(shu)測(ce)量(liang)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現(xian)場(chang)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)與計(ji)算機遠(yuan)傳(chuan)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)參(can)數(shu)(shu)經(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器傳(chuan)送(song)入(ru)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)顯(xian)示(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)參(can)數(shu)(shu)經(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)計(ji)（精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)≤0.01mL/s）傳(chuan)送(song)入(ru)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)積(ji)算儀(yi)(yi)(yi)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)參(can)數(shu)(shu)經(jing)PT100鉑(bo)(bo)電阻(zu)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器傳(chuan)送(song)入(ru)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)顯(xian)示(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)，各(ge)(ge)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)實(shi)時顯(xian)示(shi)待監控(kong)(kong)參(can)數(shu)(shu)，并將(jiang)各(ge)(ge)參(can)數(shu)(shu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)RS232/485傳(chuan)輸入(ru)上(shang)(shang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機，供上(shang)(shang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機監控(kong)(kong)分(fen)(fen)析軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)計(ji)算分(fen)(fen)析數(shu)(shu)據(ju)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)及電氣(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)引(yin)入(ru)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室，實(shi)時數(shu)(shu)據(ju)顯(xian)示(shi)、現(xian)場(chang)打印、遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監測(ce)。 上(shang)(shang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機（工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機）：負責(ze)接收(shou)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)顯(xian)示(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)積(ji)算儀(yi)(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)組(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)實(shi)現(xian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)監控(kong)(kong)，并判斷結(jie)(jie)果(guo)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)參(can)數(shu)(shu)曲線及報(bao)告。 5　結(jie)(jie)語(yu) 深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)環(huan)節，而(er)(er)合(he)(he)(he)(he)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)所(suo)必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備保(bao)證。 低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)(lv)：試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)標準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應(ying)，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)，測(ce)量(liang)參(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)確，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)(mei)(mei)、試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗和(he)(he)(he)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。